Just try to bring out my thought bout current international issues. Thanks God it brought me as one of the participants IMUN 2010.. ^^ Hope you enjoy this!
I. INTRODUCTION
Dear God,
I’ve never dreamed of this ambiance, only could I hardly imagine the turmoil
Time and place do nothing for hitch, this recent life span’s coming at everything ease,
So much sophistication, less tranquil yet
As human always be thirsty for new discovery
As in the earth there still so much mystery
As a great power starts overwhelming humanity
Amazing building slightly exciting, yet I prefer hills
(Myta-180710)
Global relying on fossil fuels and huge hydro-electrics will remain trend at least to year 2020, but that won't be enough to satisfy constant and ever-growing humanity needs. In the last three decades nuclear energy has significant part in electrical energy production.
Nuclear energy is a non-renewable energy, released either by splitting atomic nuclei or by forcing the nuclei of atoms together. Nuclear energy was first discovered accidentally by French physicist Henri Becquerel in 1896, when he found that photographic plates stored in the dark near uranium were blackened like X-ray plates, which had been just recently discovered at the time. The Nuclear Age began at the University of Chicago when Enrico Fermi made a chain reaction in a pole of uranium in 1942. Years later that due to the war in 1945, The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki which killed thousands people and succeeded in disarraying Japan’s power.
Later on, in 1952, the first large version of hydrogen bomb which is thousands times more powerful than atomic bomb was exploded by United States for testing purposes. Afterward, England was provided by nuclear power plant for the first time in universe. Many years after, some countries use nuclear power on order to supply their electrical energy.
Nuclear energy is produced in two different ways, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Nuclear fission happens when large nuclei of atom are split to release energy. The main fuel element; such as uranium, in whose nuclei can be easily split by shooting neutrons at them. Also once a uranium nucleus is split, multiple neutrons are released which are used to split other uranium nuclei, this is called a chain reaction phenomenon. On the other hand, nuclear fusion happens when the nuclei of atoms are joined together or fused in a very hot condition. The heat required to start the fusion reaction is so great that an atomic bomb is used to provide it. Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium and in the process release huge amounts of energy which produces huge explosion. Fusion process usually takes place in a nuclear power plant.
Like many others energy sources, nuclear also produces waste as well during its production. Even though it does not have waste of carbon dioxide, it has radioactive waste and hot water waste. The radiation harms body cells which can make people sick or even died. The effects can strike people years after their exposure to nuclear radiation. Nuclear power plant is provided by a cooling pool as the storage to keep away its harmful excesses. Furthermore, hot water waste causes bad effects for the environment, particularly for the ecosystem. It is usually thrown away to the shore then demolishes the ecosystems in it and brings them to death due to a very hot water temperature. Hence, nuclear energy powers have to be organized attentively and done by eligible persons to avoid any harms.
II. Discussion
Many people think that nuclear energy is fruitful. Otherwise, some others think that using nuclear energy is risky. There are some pros and cons against its usage for human.
a. The Advantages
1) Nuclear power plants could still produce electricity after coal and oil become scarce since there is still enough uranium on earth to develop.
2) Nuclear power plants belong to green energy source since it does not waste carbon which may cause greenhouse.
3) Nuclear power plants need less fuel than ones which burns fossil oil and it produces more energy than coral or oil energy production.
b. The Disadvantages
1) Nuclear power plants are too risky with all those waste production as they are totally harmful for human being.
2) It is quite expensive to take care of its excesses and the reactors which will only last forty until fifty years.
3) The primary waste product of nuclear will remain as toxic for thousands years for human being. Hence, its usage will be dangerous for the next generation in case there are certain things cause the failure of cooling system.
4) Nuclear power plants belong to awfully dangerous for universe if it gets in the hands of individuals that will not use it for peace. The nuclear reactors may also lead to weapon proliferation.
5) That leads to the politics. No one wants to host the nuclear-waste repository and no one wants a nuclear power plant next door. This is not an engineering or economic issue, but one of politics. Environmental justice has also reached the political stage, because the rich are better able to defend themselves against environmental insults than the poor.
Nuclear becomes one of greatest energy source as some countries that have large share of its electrical energy manufactured in nuclear power plants. That is France with 75% of energy manufactured from nuclear power plants; Lithuania follows with 73%, and then Belgium with 58%, Bulgaria , Slovakia and Sweden with 47%, Ukraine with 44%, and Republic of Korea with 43%.
There is still some debate motioning the use of nuclear power. An anti-nuclear activist and Nobel Prize winner, Helen Caldicott said that some European countries, Belgium , Germany and Sweden , are starting to realize that what they have done to nuclear power is ridiculous and immoral. They have now passed the law to close down nuclear reactors. Meanwhile, there are some countries still that remain the use of nuclear power plants to support their power.
In order to limit the spread or proliferation of nuclear power, some countries signed a treaty as the commitment to avoid misusing of nuclear power. The treaty came into force in March 5th, 1970 with 189 states party to the treaty. Five countries are recognized as nuclear weapon states; the United States , France , Russia , United Kingdom and China , in which they also belong to the permanent member of United Nation Security Council.
III. Analysis
The United Nation should play biggest role in managing peace and security in world with the self-consciousness of each nation instead. Thus, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NNPT) was designed containing the three pillars system: (1) non-proliferation, (2) disarmament, and (3) the right to peacefully use nuclear technology.
It still has a vague interpretation and obligation toward treaty signatories that NPT's Article VI arguably imposes only a vague obligation on all NPT signatories to move in the general direction of nuclear and total disarmament, saying, "Each of the Parties to the Treaty undertakes to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament." This interpretation for some nations can be such an international trust not to manufacture or develop the use of nuclear power wrongly. There is still vague measurement of which nuclear usage is still in good faith or not, whether it is too risky for environments or not. It is good to trust someone, yet it must be fully watched by the council in charge to guarantee that those countries will not play a trick in using nuclear. The 3rd pillar, in contrast with the 1st pillar, allows for and agrees upon the transfer of nuclear technology and materials to NPT signatory countries for the development of civilian nuclear energy programs in those countries, as long as they can demonstrate that their nuclear programs are not being used for the development of nuclear weapons. Again, even though there are some following policies related to limit the development of nuclear weapon, this becomes a vague obligation of nuclear usage.
As on the case of Iraq and North Korea , however, Iraq was cited by the IAEA and sanctioned by the UN Security Council for violating its NPT safeguards obligations. North Korea never came into compliance with its NPT safeguards agreement and was cited repeatedly for these violations, and later withdrew from the NPT and tested multiple nuclear devices. Iran was found in non-compliance with its NPT safeguards obligations in an unusual non-consensus decision because it "failed in a number of instances over an extended period of time" to report aspects of its enrichment program.
Nevertheless, unless the United Nation becomes more rigid to overwhelm the nuclear use, there are still many chances to countries which desire to develop it or even create state weapons. The United must be fully attentive to the countries that have nuclear reactors. It is obvious that the use of nuclear has many risks to human being, environment and peace of the world. It is true that nuclear has long term radioactive waste which may explode or pass out through the cooling pool system and harm its surroundings. Before leading many countries with its obligation about nuclear energy, United Nation must have considered the positives and the negatives. There are some considerations which may come from the master of Biology dealing with environment, Geneticists relate to humanity and heredity, and Physicians to think about its fuel and chemical effects.
Afterward, United Nation must have the same opinion in conformity to the rules, sanctions and considerations of nuclear use. It is impossible to make obligation for public yet the maker itself has different perception. For this sophisticated matter, each member should put aside the national importance since this is for international.
IV. Closing
Herewith, I do hope the most intelligent and tactful resolution dealing with nuclear power use. Human’s problems have been sophisticated enough dealing with Global Warming issues and its world wide effect. Hopefully the wisest nuclear usage can be one of resolution instead being more problematical issue.
Again, it depends on the persons herself, that which is best to think about long last term for future or present. And this just come to the last thought that “I could be either an angel or demon for you.”
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty
http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy.html
http://www.our-energy.com/nuclear_energy.html
http://www/our-energy.com/nuclear_energy_facts.html
